Chapter: Excretory Products and Their Elimination

Match the items in Column-I with those in Column II
Column I                               Column II
1. Podocytes                            i. Crystallised oxalates
2. Protonephridia                  ii. Annelids
3. Nephridia                           iii. Amphioxus
4. Renal calculi                     iv. Filtration slits
Select the correct option from the following

Uricotelic mode of passing out nitrogenous wastes is found in

Which one of the following is not a part of a renal pyramid?

Uric acid is the chief nitrogenous component of the excretory products of

Consider the following four statements (A–D) about certain desert animals such as kangaroo rat
A. They have dark colour and high rate of reproduction and excrete solid urine.
B. They do not drink water, breathe at a slow rate to conserve water and have their body covered with thick hairs.
C. They feed on dry seeds and do not require drinking water.
D. They excrete very concentrated urine and do not use water to regulate body temperature.
Which two of the above statements for such animals are true?

In Ornithine cycle which one pair of the following wastes are removed from the blood?

Uricotelism is found in

In living beings, ammonia is converted into urea through

The enteronephric nephridia of earthworms are mainly concerned with

Aquatic reptiles are

In ureotelic animals, urea is formed by

The kidney of an adult frog is

Uric acid is nitrogenous waste in

Nitrogenous waste products are eliminated mainly as

Match the items given in Column I with those in Column II and select the correct option given below
       Column-I                                                                   Column-II
      (Function)                                                          (Part of Excretory System)
1. Ultrafiltration                                                        i. Henle’s loop
2. Concentration of urine                                       ii. Ureter
3. Transport of urine                                              iii. Urinary bladder
4. Storage of urine                                                   iv. Malpighian corpuscle
.                                                                                    v. Proximal convoluted tubule

Figure shows human urinary system with structures labelled A-D.

Select option, which correctly identifies them and gives their characteristics and/of functions

The principal nitrogenous excretory compound in humans is synthesised

What will happen if the stretch receptors of the urinary bladder wall are totally removed?

Bowman’s glands are found in

Part not belonging to uriniferous tubule is

Proximal and distal convoluted tubules are parts of

Brush border is characteristic of

The increase in osmolarity from outer to inner medullary interstitium is maintained due to
I. close proximity between Henle’s loop and vasa recta
II. counter-current mechanism
III. selective secretion of \(\begin{align}HCO_{3}^{-} \end{align}\) and hydrogen ions in PCT.
IV. higher blood pressure in glomerular capillaries

Match the following parts of a nephron with their function.
               Column I                                                                  Column II
1. Descending limb of Henle’s loop                 (i) Reabsorption of salts only
2. Proximal convoluted tubule                        (ii) Reabsorption of water only
3. Ascending limb of Henle’s loop                  (iii) Conditional reabsorption of sodium ion and water
4. Distal convoluted tubule                              (iv) Reabsorption of ion, water and organic nutrients
Select the correct option from the following.

Which of the following statements is correct?

The part of nephron involved in active reabsorption of sodium is

Which of the following causes an increase in sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule?

The maximum amount of electrolytes and water (70-80%) from the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed in which part of the nephron?

Which one of the following correctly explains the function of a specific part of a human nephron?

Injury to adrenal cortex is not likely to affect the secretion of which one of the following?

Which one of the following statements in regard to the excretion by the human kidneys is correct?

The net pressure gradient that causes the fluid to filter out of the glomeruli into the capsule is

If Henle’s loop were absent from mammalian nephron, which of the following is to be expected?

The ability of the vertebrates to produce concentrated (hyperosmotic) urine usually depends upon the

The basic functional unit of human kidney is

Under normal conditions which one is completely reabsorbed in the renal tubule?

Reabsorption of useful substances from glomerular filtrate occurs in

Select the correct statement.

Which of the following factors is responsible for the formation of concentrated urine?

A decrease in blood pressure/volume will not cause the release of

Human urine is usually acidic because

Which one of the following statements is correct with respect to kidney function regulation?

A person who is on a long hunger strike and is surviving only onwater, will have

Angiotensinogen is a protein produced and secreted by

A person is undergoing prolonged fasting. His urine will be found to contain abnormal quantities of

Glucose is taken back from glomerular filtrate through

Which one of the following is correctly matched pair of the given secretion and its primary role in human physiology?

Presence of which of the following conditions in urine are indicative of diabetes mellitus?

Which of the following would help in prevention of diuresis?

Use of an artificial kidney during hemodialysis may result in :
A. Nitrogenous waste build-up in the body.
B. Non-elimination of excess potassium ions.
C. Reduced absorption of calcium ions from gastrointestinal tract.
D. Reduced RBC production
Which of the following options is the most appropriate?

Match the items given in Column I with those in Column II and select the correct option given below
Column I                                                       Column II
1. Glycosuria                                      (i) Accumulation of uric acid in joints.
2. Gout                                               (ii) Mass of crystallised salts within the kidney.
3. Renal calculi                                (iii) Inflammation in glomeruli
4. Glomerular nephritis                 (iv) Presence of glucose in urine.

A condition of failure of kidney to form urine is called

If kidneys fail to reabsorb water, the effect on tissue would