Chapter: Breathing and Exchange of Gases

The figure shows a diagrammatic view of human respiratory system with labels A, B, C and D. Select the option, which gives correct identification and main function and/or characteristic.

 

The figure given below shows a small part of human lung where exchange of gas takes place. In which one of the options given below, the one part A, B, C or D is correctly identified along with its function.

 

Which one of the following organs in the human body is most affected due to shortage of oxygen?

In alveoli of the lungs, the air at the site of gas exchange, is separated from the blood by

Select the correct events that occur during inspiration.
I. Contraction of diaphragm.
II. Contraction of external inter-costal muscles.
III. Pulmonary volume decreases.
IV. Intra pulmonary pressure increases.

Select the correct statement.

Air is breathed through

The Total Lung Capacity (TLC) is the total volume of air accommodated in the lungs at the end of a forced inspiration. This includes

The maximum volume of air a person can breathe in after a forced expiration is known as

Tidal Volume and Expiratory Reserve Volume of an athlete is 500 mL and 1000 mL, respectively. What will be his Expiratory Capacity if the Residual Volume is 1200 mL?

Match the items given in Column I with those in Column II and select the correct option given below
Column I                                                   Column II
1. Tidal volume                                  (i) 2500–3000 mL
2. Inspiratory reserve volume       (ii) 1100–1200 mL
3. Expiratory reserve volume         (iii) 500–550 mL
4. Residual volume                          (iv) 1000–1100 mL

Lungs are made up of air-filled sacs, the alveoli. They do not collapse even after forceful expiration, because of

Lungs do not collapse between breaths and some air always remains in the lungs which can never be expelled because

Listed below are four respiratory capacities (1-4) and four jumbled respiratory volumes of a normal human adult respiratory
Respiratory  Capacities                          Volumes
1. Residual volume                                2500 mL
2. Vital capacity                                      3500 mL
3. Inspiratory reserve volume             1200 mL
4. Inspiratory capacity                          4500 mL
Which one of the following is the correct matching of two capacities and volumes?

What is the vital capacity of our lungs?

The quantity 1500 mL in the respiratory volumes of a normal human adult refers to

Assertion (A) A person goes to high altitude and experiences ‘altitude sickness’ with symptoms like breathing difficulty and heart palpitations.
Reason (R) Due to low atmospheric pressure at high altitude, the body does not get sufficient oxygen.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.

Select the favourable conditions required for the formation of oxyhaemoglobin at the alveoli.

The partial pressures (in mm Hg) of oxygen (O₂ ) and carbon dioxide (CO₂ ) at alveoli (the site of diffusion) are

Match the following columns and select the correct option from the codes given below.
Column I                                                                       Column II
A. Pneumotaxic centre                                     1. Alveoli
B. O₂ dissociation curve                                  2. Pons region of brain
C. Carbonic anhydrase                                     3. Haemoglobin
D. Primary site of exchange of gases            4. RBC

Identify the wrong statement with reference to transport of oxygen.

Reduction in pH of blood will

The partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli of the lungs is

Approximately seventy percent of carbon dioxide absorbed by the blood will be transported to the lungs

People who have migrated from the planes to an area adjoining Rohtang Pass about six months back

Which two of the following changes (1-4) usually tend to occur in the plain dwellers when they move to high altitudes (3,500 m or more)?
1. Increase in red blood cell size
.2. Increase in red blood cell production
3. Increased breathing rate
4. Increase in thrombocyte count
Changes occurring are

The haemoglobin of a human foetus

People living at sea level have around 5 million RBC per cubic millimeter of their blood whereas those living at an altitude of 5400 metre have around 8 million. This is because at high altitude

Blood analysis of a patient reveals an unusually high quantity of carboxyhaemoglobin content. Which of the following conclusions is most likely to be correct?

When CO₂ concentration in blood increases, breathing becomes

The process of migration of chloride ions from plasma to RBC and of carbonate ions from RBC to plasma is

The exchange of gases in the alveoli of the lungs takes place by

Which one of the following statements about blood constituents and transport of respiratory gases is most accurate?

At high altitude, the RBCs in the human blood will

The carbon dioxide is transported via blood to lungs as

Although much CO₂ is carried in blood, yet blood does not become acidic, because

Oxygen dissociation curve of haemoglobin is

Carbon dioxide is transported from tissues to respiratory surface by only

Carbonic anhydrase occurs in

According to Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) what size (in diameter) of particulate is responsible for causing greater harm to human health?

Which of the following is an occupational respiratory disorder?

Which one of the following options correctly represents the lung conditions in asthma and emphysema, respectively?

Name the chronic respiratory disorder caused mainly by cigarette smoking

Name the pulmonary disease in which alveolar surface area involved in gas exchange is drastically reduced due to damage in the alveolar walls.

Which one of the following is the correct statement for respiration in humans?